The following year, during the War of the Sixth Coalition, Coalition forces defeated the French in the Battle of Leipzig.įollowing its victory at Leipzig, the Coalition vowed to press on to Paris and depose Napoleon. The tide of war began to turn after a disastrous French invasion of Russia in 1812 that resulted in the loss of much of Napoleon's army. Despite the formation of new coalitions against him, Napoleon's forces continued to conquer much of Europe. The rise of Napoleon troubled the other European powers as much as the earlier revolutionary regime had. Five years later, he crowned himself Emperor Napoleon I. In 1799, Napoleon staged a successful coup d'état and became First Consul of the new French Consulate. The success of the French forces made a hero out of their best commander, Napoleon Bonaparte.
Rather than leading to France's defeat, the wars allowed the revolutionary regime to expand beyond its borders and create client republics. The overthrow and subsequent public execution of Louis XVI in France had greatly disturbed other European leaders, who vowed to crush the French Republic.
The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars pitted France against various coalitions of other European nations nearly continuously from 1792 onward. ( March 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This section needs additional citations for verification. This set the stage for the last conflict in the Napoleonic Wars, the defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo, the second restoration of the French kingdom, and the permanent exile of Napoleon to the distant island of Saint Helena, where he died in May 1821. On 13 March, seven days before Napoleon reached Paris, the powers at the Congress of Vienna declared him an outlaw, and on 25 March Austria, Prussia, Russia and the United Kingdom, the four Great Powers and key members of the Seventh Coalition, bound themselves to put 150,000 men each into the field to end his rule. Napoleon returned while the Congress of Vienna was sitting. The phrase les Cent Jours (the hundred days) was first used by the prefect of Paris, Gaspard, comte de Chabrol, in his speech welcoming the king back to Paris on 8 July. This period saw the War of the Seventh Coalition, and includes the Waterloo Campaign, the Neapolitan War as well as several other minor campaigns. The Hundred Days ( French: les Cent-Jours IPA: ), also known as the War of the Seventh Coalition, marked the period between Napoleon's return from eleven months of exile on the island of Elba to Paris on 20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII on 8 July 1815 (a period of 110 days).
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