For example, deamidation of an Asn-Gly site in hemoglobin alters its affinity for oxygen, while the same modification alters the proteolytic cleavage of human growth hormone (hGH). As deamidation changes the peptide/protein structure and conformation, it can significantly affect the function and stability of proteins. Deamidation occurs at a much faster rate (up to 70 times) when an unhindered amino acid residue such as glycine is on the C-terminal side of an asparagine in the primary sequence (XXX-Asn-Gly-XXX), but its rate is also affected by other conditions and characteristics such as temperature, pH, and protein structure. This reaction is spontaneous and non-enzymatic, where asparagine residues undergo formation of a five-membered succinimide ring intermediate from an intramolecular attack, and subsequently hydrolyze under physiological conditions to form either aspartyl or isoaspartyl peptides, which can be found in both the D and L configurations (Figure 1). Īlthough little is known about the effects that deamidation of asparagine have on protein function, it is known that deamidation is involved in protein degradation and development. The separation and quantitation of peptides that have these modifications is of paramount importance in protein biotherapeutics because the modifications can contribute to a loss of stability or activity. These modifications can include the oxidation of methionine and the deamidation of asparagine, among others. Using PatentPak ® in SciFinder n : viewing full-text patents from 46 major patent offices.Many of the chemical modifications that accumulate in biotherapeutic agents during bioprocessing, purification, storage, or other stages increase the hydrophilicity of the amino acid side chain on the altered residue(s). Saving and Filtering Searches in SciFinder n with Live Search History : saving searches and filtering past searches. Searching in SciFinder n Using Multiple Browser Tabs : perform multiple searches and retain your original query. (*)Ĭitation Maps from Reference Searches in SciFinder n : backwards and forward citations, and color-coded relevance ranking.
Keyword Searching and Relevancy Ranking in SciFinder n : autosuggest search, and results ranked by relevancy. Using MethodsNow Synthesis in SciFinder n : obtaining step by step procedures and protocols.(*) Reaction Search and Scheme View in SciFinder n : search results are grouped by scheme.
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*NEW * Retrosynthesis Planning in SciFinder n : Clearly see and evaluate full synthetic pathways, source evidence, estimated yields, pricing, and supplier availability. Structure Searching in SciFinder n : draw, upload, and perform exact, substructure, and similarity searches (*)ĬhemDoodle Structure Search in SciFinder n : touchscreen-capable structure drawing (*) SciFinder n System Requirements and Recommendations Below are some of the links to the tutorials:
#CHEMDOODLE CITATIOON PDF#
CAS, provides a lot of training material on the training site which include interactive tutorials, PDF documents etc.
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